Fill in the blank: Climate change is significantly _________________ our global weather.

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The correct answer is "affecting" because it serves as the present participle form of the verb "affect," which conveys an action that is currently occurring. In this context, the sentence indicates that climate change is actively influencing or changing global weather patterns, and using the participle form emphasizes this ongoing effect.

In contrast, "effecting" refers to causing something to happen but is not suitable here since the sentence is focused on the influence of climate change rather than bringing about a new condition. The words "affect" and "effect" as stand-alone terms do not fit grammatically in this context, as "affect" is used as a verb, and "effect" is a noun, neither of which would complete the sentence correctly. Thus, "affecting" effectively captures the intended meaning of the sentence regarding the impact of climate change on global weather.